Below is a nice video and some great links that can help you wade into using Nmap.Nmap nmap.org created by Fyodor is one of my favorite tools for everything from pen-testing to network inventory and the price is right; free. I find it helpful for discovering nodes on a network and if you come across something interesting it's helpful for determining what that node possibly could be.
An example of some handy commands are:"nmap -O " - this gives me list of possible open ports and a solid guess as to what OS is running. I nice simple evaluation to make sure nothing more is open than should be."nmap -sP -PP " This is useful when scanning a range that may be behind a firewall and you recieve false information. The -sP goes no further than ping, this is handy for me when I want to just pipe the output to file that I later edit to have list of host names, if they resolve and IPs. The -PP sends a timestamp request as opposed to the typical echo request.Darren Kitchen from
HAK5 gives a nice intro in the video below.
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